The Case Great Promise And Its Impact On The Future

Between the cases many comparisons are to be made about both trials. The decisions of the cases showed premises, in that both trials were on the subject of marriage equality. The fact that this trial went in favor of the plaintiff showed forthcoming. As the legal establishment shown from the trials gave validity to their marriage and similar ones that are to follow. So, by referencing, or even with knowledge of the case going in favor of the plaintiff, the case shows great promise and has an extreme impact on the future, making the cases trailblazers. In both the 1960’s and during present day is the perception of marriage established. Yet, there are still those that did not have exactly the same belief and had the conception that marriage was based on love, and not gender, or ethnicity. So, from the court s decision the presumption can be made that it influenced the movement, or a want of marriage equality which of course depended on the time period. As the people who opposed same-sex marriages and marriage based on race, differed. For example, from the bible marriage is to be between a man and a woman, as the church s impact negatively was minimal in support of legalization of different race marriage. Although, in the case of same-sex marriages the decision was fought and outraged by the catholic community under the belief, that was established in the bible that marriage was between a man and a woman. So, the impact of the churches went from minimal in the 1960’s to greatShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Circumstances And Slim Majority Of The Referendum1303 Words   |  6 PagesP2 – Parliament has a significant majority in favor of remaining. P3 – There’s a compelling case for parliament to decide its not in the UK’s best interest to leave the EU. Sub Argument (for P3) – most jurisdictions need large majority ‘or two thirds majority’ for big constitutional change ‘in legislations or referendum.’ (Grayling, 2016, par. 9) Sub Argument 2 – ‘so great a change requires a significant degree of genuine consensus, at a minimum 60% majority.’ (GraylingRead MoreNotes On The Principle Behind Estoppel1749 Words   |  7 Pagesbe enforced. Promissory estoppel is the principle of Justice and equity. Estoppel occurs when a party reasonably relies on the promise of another party, or to prevent someone from arguing something in contrary to claim act performed by other person. An estoppel is not a remedy at law in common law jurisdictions, but based on principles of equity. In the majority of cases, it is only a defence and it works by prevention from enforcing established legal rights, or from relying on a set of facts thatRead MoreDominos Online Case Analysis1701 Words   |  7 Pages3/1/2012 JU-CMS CASE ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT 1 AND METHODOLOGY – Assignment - 1 | Ashish Solanki Case Analysis and Methodology – Assignment 1 DOMINOS PIZZA Dominos Pizza, Inc. is an international pizza delivery corporation headquartered in Michigan, United States of America. It was founded in 1960, Dominos is the second-largest pizza chain in the United States and has over 9,000 corporate and franchised stores in 60 countries. Jubilant FoodWorks Limited, a Jubilant BhartiaRead MoreSupreme Mistakes: Blunders From The High Bench (Rough Draft1531 Words   |  7 PagesSupreme Mistakes: Blunders from the High Bench (Rough Draft Version) Atop twenty-four Corinthian columns at One First Street in Washington, D.C., lie a promise to our nation, four words: â€Å"equal justice under law†. These words, abundant with virtuous intentions, are the parameters of jurisprudence that the Supreme Court must apply when considering its cases. A founding principle of this nation, seen in documents as early as the Declaration of Independence, and affirmed through the Equal Protection clauseRead MoreEssay on Genentech779 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study: Genentech Discussion Questions 1. Would you characterize Genentech’s employees as experiencing distress or eustress? Distress is the type of stress that has negative implications, whereas eustress has a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in someone’s life. Therefore, I would characterize the Genentech’s employees as experiencing eustress. For example, all these programs that Genentech offers to its employees make life less stressfulRead MoreCriminal Justice Reflection882 Words   |  4 Pagesthat have been included in our class discussions. 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Dystopian literature is used to warn readers of what could happen in the future if we aren’t careful and points outRead MoreA Peoples History of the United States by Howard Zinn1242 Words   |  5 Pagesdown those who they saw as inferior, reminding us of more than just one view on a nation’s history, especially from people and a gender who have not had an easy ride. In some respects, we can attribute the founding of America and all its subsequent impacts to Christopher Columbus. Columbus a hero in the United States, has his own holiday and we view as the one who paved the way for America to be colonized. However, people tend to forget the other side of Columbus, the side that lusted after gold andRead MoreThe Causality Between Membership Alliances And A State s Determination Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe causality between membership in alliances and a state s willingness to initiate conflict has been discussed at length by various scholars who have come to several different conclusions, which is the case with Kimball and Leeds. Despite this, I do not believe that their findings are significantly contradictory. Both introduce valid criticism and also add to the existing research. Leeds piece emphasizes how the knowledge of an alliance occurring would affect another country s decision on initiatingRead MoreEssay on Development and Analysis of Two Mini Case Studies1267 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment and Analysis of Two Mini Case Studies This is a SWOT analysis of Target Corporation and K-Mart, to be followed by a cross-case analysis of the two mini cases. The success and failure in these cases is based on volume of sales and recognition of the two companies. Target SWOT Analysis Target is a mass merchandising store based out of Roseville, Minnesota and founded in 1962. Almost 50 years later, Target is still going strong. They have always been in direct competition with the

Waves of Feminisms in Relation to the Female Characters of...

Feminism is approached by various meanings. As noted by a Salvadoran feminist activist Gloria Guzman, â€Å"It is a proposal for a change in the relations of power between people, men over women, and the relations of power expressed in the different realms of life† (Shayne, 2007). Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits was strongly influenced by the three waves of Feminism. Allende’s focus throughout the novel was to diminish the gender inequality between men and women. Through her female characters Clara, Blanca, and Alba, Allende showcases the gradual rise of women in Latin American society. She incorporates political and societal aspects to emphasize women’s empowerment throughout the novel. Clara, Blanca, and Alba each individually†¦show more content†¦Esteban, a Conservative politician may seem to have a family that engages in political issue but Clara does not get involve in any of the political movement. Her reluctance at engaging in political issues is a reflection of the lack of impact the first wave of Feminism had on Latin America. Clara’s actions reflect the lack of progress the Feminist movement made as she â€Å"quote on engaging in domestic task†. Clara avoids political engagements and watches her h usband maintain his superior position in the household and society. Transito Soto explains, â€Å"[i]n the respect women are really thick. They’re the daughters of rigidity. They need a man to feel secure but they don’t realize that the one thing they should be afraid of is men. They don’t know how to run their lives. They have to sacrifice themselves for the sake of someone else. Whores are the worst, pat patrà ³n, believe me. They throw their lives away working for some pimp, smile when he beats them, feel proud when he’s well dressed, with his gold teeth and rings on his fingers, and when he goes off and takes up a woman half their age they forgive him everything because ‘he’s a man.’†¦ [a]nd that’s why you’ll never find me supporting someone else.† (Allende, 1982, 117) Clara maintains her inferior role and continues taking care of the family. â€Å"Clara is a subtle character, who is described as calm and quiet, and she does not take any actions towards gaining any power. This notion is supported when the narratorShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1619 Words   |  7 PagesWuthering Heights: Feminism Feminism, or â€Å"The belief in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.† (Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell paragraph 1) was a very popular topic in Victorian fiction, and still is to this day with the first signs of feminist logic appearing in 3rd century BCE for the attempted appeal of women’s use of expensive goods, and continuing on to the present day third wave of feminism. Throughout history, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which willRead MoreFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1616 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism, or â€Å"The belief in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.† (Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell paragraph 1) was a very popular topic in Victorian fiction, and still is to this day with the first signs of feminist logic appearing in 3rd century BCE for the attempted appeal of women’s use of expensive goods, and continuing on to the present day third wave of feminism. Throughout history, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which will never have equal rights norRead MoreAnalysis Of Long Silence Of Shashi Deshpande1924 Words   |  8 Pagesand surrender and adopt socio-psychic nature. The traditional, institution of Indian family is dwindling as the familial relationship does not have gender equality. 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Force Drives Blades Of Wind Power Turbine â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Force Drives Blades Of Wind Power Turbine? Answer: Introducation The electricity industry is one of the most important industries of Australia. Since the entire power supply of Australia is dependent on this industry, hence the sector has a key role in the Australian economy. The sectors of the electricity are involved in the generation of electricity, along with its transmission and distribution("ABC Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). The retail sales of the electricity are also involved as a part of the activity of the electricity supply industry. The social, industrial as well as commercial success of Australia is dependent on the reliability of the electricity supply. In this way, the economy of Australia is significantly dependent on the electricity industry. Detailed current and past power generation The production of electricity has changed significantly over the years. Electricity could be produced, either by chemical means or by mechanical actions ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). The electricity production by the chemical means relies on the flow of the charged particles from the cells in a battery. This type of production of the electricity is expensive in the modern day ("Australian Energy Regulator |", 2017). This is because; the rise in the demand of the electricity has forced the electricity industry to look for alternative sources of energy production. With this process of electricity production, only a limited amount of electricity could be successfully produced("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). In order to meet the increased demand of the production of electricity, mechanical actions are used widely. Powerful magnets spin very fast inside the coils of conducting wires. Gas, water turbines or steam usually drives these, thus assisti ng in electricity production. In the present day situation, more than 90% of the electricity produced in Australia is obtained by burning of fossil fuels, such as gas, oil and coals. The chemical energy that is stored in the fossil fuel that is used to heat water as well as produce steam ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). This steam is then forced under high pressure through a turbine that drives the generator, to produce enough electricity for supply all over Australia. This complete process helps in conversion of the chemical energy into kinetic energy and then eventually to electrical energy. The kinetic energy of water, falling from a great height, drives the blades of the turbine that produce electricity ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). The use of wind energy is also seen in the production of modern day electricity. The kinetic energy of the wind force drives the blades of the wind power turbine, to produce electrical energy. Before the per iod of the 1800s, the production of electricity was majorly depended on wood, water, sun and wind as their energy sources. However, in the 19th century, the introduction of coal-fired power was first introduced. In the 20th and the 21st century, the use of accounting of fossil fuels for the production of electricity was mainly used ("Australian Energy Regulator |", 2017). However, with the increase in the need for the production of electricity, the solar and tidal energy was also being used. Figure 1: Electricity distribution in Australia (Source: "Australian Energy Regulator |", 2017) The distribution of electricity is also important, as the effective transportation is important for the successful utilization of electricity. The speed of electricity is similar to that of the speed of light ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). Though as users, people see that the electricity supply comes to the electrical appliances instantaneously as soon as the application is switched on, yet a number of stages are followed ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). A transformer coverts the electricity, that is produced in a generation plant. The electricity then arrives to a location, where a substation transformer changes the high voltage to a lower voltage, for distribution. The distribution channels then carry the low voltage electricity to the consumers. The consumers then use it, according to their needs. The distribution of the electricity has changed over the years ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). With the rise in the use of the various electrical gadgets such as air-conditions, the demand in various states of Australia has risen. The increase in the number of households also resulted in the changes in the distribution of electricity all over Australia. Statistics show that with the increase in the demand in the household, the deficit in the supply to the industries is witnessed. The increase in the use of air-condition have increased the demand in the household for the supply of electricity increased("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). However, with the increase in the use of solar energy and other cost effective forms of energy, the demand in the electricity is seen to be lowered. The modern electricity distribution networks are expensive as well as geographically specific. This means that the distribution of the electricity is confined to geographical limits, and hence natural monopoly is established ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). Moreover, the electricity industry is highly regulated as the access to reliable supply of electricity is considered important by the government. The Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC) regulates the distribution of electricity all over Australia. However, in the past, the National Electricity Market regulated the industry ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). Thus, significant changes in the past and the present power generation in Australia have been witnessed. The changes are appropriate in order to ensure that demand of the electricity among the people of Australia is met. Moreover, the electricity distribution industry is dominated by the state-owned enterprises, such that stability could be maintained over time ("ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", 2017). The most significant impact of the capacity extension, over the past five years has been on the cost structure of the industry. Procurement practice of Different organizations in the electricity Industry Procurement management practice is a systemic approach where business organization secured goods and raw materials, from respective suppliers which will ensure that they have enough resources to sustain the future of the company. It is essential for all companies to procure their resources in order to improve upon their value and business practice. Edquist et al., (2015), have added in the context that securing the resources in form of procurement management practice will help to save both time and money for the company. The procurement management can help a company to identify all the issues related to purchasing products suppliers and thereby able to make a business deal with all third party organizations. It is also possible to ensure Proper delivery of the required resources within definite time. According to McMurray et al., (2014), securing the dealership with all suppliers is the primary step of procurement management, which can help you identify all the major relevant issues. It is also essential in this context for the company to maintain effective communication with the suppliers, which will help them to resolve all issues related to securing management. The procurement of goods and other resources from external supplier on outsourcers is a critical path, which decides upon the success of the project (Sanchez et al., 2013). With the demand of electricity going up in Australia, all the power supplying companies need to implement effective procurement management practices in order to ensure that there is no shortage of supply that can lead to a crisis situation. In the current time, most of the supply of power generation in Australia is either from power generating plants or production from natural gases. This power is then provided to the houses with the help of retail servicing, which are responsible for maintaining the billing service. There are separate forms of business, in each component of electricity supply chain of Australia. It is essential for every Organization in this entire system of power supply chain to have effective strategy of procurement practice, which will ensure that the growing demand of power generation are fulfilled. It is also relevant to mention that due to the Global change in electricity supply market, new types of procurement strategy are necessary in the context that it can have huge impact on the entire system of distribution. The procurement strategy that needs to be implemented in the Australian electricity supply chain is dependent upon the centralized power. The companies of power distribution in Australia need to adopt short term contract policy during the time the prices of electricity supply goes higher (Lember, et al., 2013). It is essential for every company of Electric Supply Chain within Australia to have separate Department, who will be in charge of making and implementing procurement strategies. Procurement officer should also be recruited in order to ensure that proper planning for the future resources are done properly. The government in Australia has from the State Procurement Board, Who is in charge of monitoring on the procurement strategies implemented by Electricity Distribution agents at various levels. The major component of the procurement strategy implemented by various supply chain is to ensure that there are alternative sources,from where it is possible to generate electricity (Dowling Kent, 2015). With thegrowth of the non conventional mode of electricity generation,all the major companies in the Australian Electricity Board are implementing strategies that will help them to get the power supply from alternative sources other than the forms of regular modes. It is also the responsibility of the electricity supply agent to strictly follow the policies of State Procurement Board, which will help them to meet up with their business demands. The major policies that are implemented in this process are the fact that it is only the public authority, which will be in charge of making supply con tracts related to power distribution. State Procurement Act 2004 is one of the major government policies in this context which are responsible for managing the entire contract between Electricity Distribution companies and supply chain organizations. All forms of Electricity Distribution which includes solar power or Thermal form of electricity generation are included within this act (Ravenswood Kaine, 2015). In order to encourage the increase uses of renewable electricity supply, there is separate procurement Strategies for encouraging Electricity Distribution companies. The Australian Electricity Board has encouraged all the distribution companies to procure their source of renewable electricity generation. The implementation of solar energy distribution program in Australia,it has encouraged all the major Electricity Distribution companies to implement new contract with suppliers, in order to get regular supply from the Electricity Distribution boards. All the major companies in the domain of electricity supply chain in Australia have on new contract with the solar power distribution supply chain, which is believed to be one of the measures of procuring the generation of electricity and meet up with the growing demand of the younger generation (Grob Benn, 2014). It is also relevant to mention in this context that the economic progress of industry and all other manufacturing sectors ar e entirely dependent upon the procurement strategies that are implemented by the Australian electricity suppliers. There are few issues that the distribution companies have to face due to the fact that there will be a rise of cost,while they are procuring their distribution from renewable supply chain. For example, there will be a rise of cost of maintenance that is required for the supply chain of electricity from solar sources. Hence, it is evident that the overallcapital that is required in operational management activities of electricity supply will rise to some extent. However, it is believed that considering the project activities, which is implemented initially there is huge cost in the overall infrastructure. However, with the improvement of solar technology and other renewable form of Electricity Distribution Technology,it is possible to reduce the operational cost and thereby making it possible to procure the power supply for the future at lower capital expenditures (Lember, et al., 2014). Description of the Electricity market in Australia and its Future changes The electricity industry of Australia is one of the largest manufacturing sectors of the nation, which is responsible for meeting up all types of power demand for both household and commercial purposes. The power throughout the nation is distributed with the guidelines of The National Electricity Board (NEM), which is the wholesale market for the electricity generation. The national electricity market is responsible for supplying 80% of the totalelectric power generation in Australia (Elliston et al., 2013). The electricity market began its operation in the year 1998 and is currently one of the leading power distribution organisations not only in Australia but in all over the globe. The electricity is distributed by facilitating electricity with the help of power generator and retailers. These retailers directly sell the power supply to business and houses. High Voltage suppliers and transmission line are used in order to generate electricity and distribute them to various commercial and domestic houses. The National Electricity Market of Australia has the operating range of 5000km that is from the Port Douglas in the state of Queensland to the Lincoln Port in the Southern parts of Australia. This is the worlds longest power operating system in the world (McConnell et al., 2013). The Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) is in charge of all forms of activities that are conducted by the NEM. The economic regulation of the electricity market in Australia is generated by the AEMO, which helps to generate the policies related to the monopoly of power distribution. The NEM currently supplies around 200 terawatt of electricity to all commercial and business distribution per year. The total number of customers is of 9 million, who are dependent on the power distribution of NEM (Bae et al., 2014). With the advancement of the technology, it is possible for the NEM to use the sophisticated forms of electricity distribution. With the help of this form of technique, it is possible to deal with the challenges of power wastage that is caused due to the transmission of the electricity. The infrastructure of NEM is contributed by the capital of both state and private forms of assets. Figure 2: Process of Electricity generation in Australia Source: (Anuta et al., 2014) The pricing of the electricity system is determined with the help of the 5-6 minutes of parameters, which helps in the matter of determining the spot price. This is one of the most important matters that can help on to deal with the financial transactions of the electricity generation systems. The rule of the pricing is set with the minimum value of $1000 per megawatt hour. The term spot price is used to ensure that the pricing level of the electricity generation is not over hiked. In the year 2015, the pricing of the electric generation is set with the help of the cap technique, which is set at the inflation price of $13,800 per megawatt hour (Apergis Lau, 2015). Most of the customers do not pay directly to the NEM due to the fact that they purchase the required power from the local retailers. The price that is set by the NEM is based on the offers of the generators and also upon the market volume of electricity. The demand of the power generation at any particular time is also one of the major determining factors. It is important to understand the overall system of electricity distribution in order to understand the current system. The very first electricity is produced with the help of generators. In a subsequent step the generator, convert low voltage of electricity into high voltage, which is needed for transport of the electricity through the lines of transmission. The transmission lines are responsible for carrying the electricity through long distance which is then distributed to transformers. The transformers are responsible for converting the high voltage too low voltage power which is 10 distributed to the consumer. This conversation is done depending upon the source of purchase of electricity. For example,the power generations of domestic houses are generally lower than that of commercial industries, where heavy gadgets are required for manufacturing process. Nearly 77% of the total electricity generation is from thermal sources that accounts for 152,463 GWh. 9% of the generation is from gas, 7% is from hydro power projects and 5% from the wind power. The rest 1% is dependent upon other forms of electricity generation which includes solar panels installed at roof tops (Elliston et al., 2013). It is evident from the given data that currently the Australian power industry is mostly dependent upon Thermal Power sources. Less than 15% of the total electricity generation in the current market is dependent upon Renewable Sources. It is crucial to change this scenario at a very rapid rate within the near future, which will help to procure the resources for the industry and thereby able to secure the future (Elliston et al., 2014). The scientists and government authorities of Australia are highly concerned about the factors related to climate change and sustainable development that needs to be implemented with the help of alternative forms of Electricity Distribution techniques. As the electricity supply is reaching at the juncture due to over exploitation of the natural resources, it is essential to improve upon the alternative sources which are renewable and can help to deal with the issues related to energy crisis. Government in Australia has made strict commitment towards reducing the total amount of greenhouse gases that are emitted in the atmosphere, which is mainly produced from the thermal power projects. It is important to implement the transition plan in order to change the overall system of Electricity Distribution in domestic and commercial places of Australia. In the recent upcoming years, the Government of Australia will change the energy policy which will aim to put forward National transition plan. It is important for the electricity board and the NEM to exploit the new form of technology that will improve over the cost effectiveness of electricity generation. The feature of procurement management of the Australian electricity industry is dependent upon the policies that are being implemented at present. Nuclear energy is believed to be one of the effective sources of electricity generation, which has the potential to change the demand rate of electricity market in Australia in recentcoming future. Additionally,due to its long term efficiency and ability to provide power,it is believed that the nuclear energy could bring about revolution in the electricity market. The modern forms of nuclear reactors are reported to emit minimum amount of greenhouse gases that can harm the environment. By the yard 2030,it is estimated that nearly 15% of the total power generation in all over Australia will be done with the help of nuclear energy, which is currently just below the rate of 5% (Anuta et al., 2014). Nevertheless, it is also essential to ensure the nuclear waste obtained from the power plant is treated properly, which will minimize the risk of spreading nuclear contamination. Figure: Source of electricity generations in different states of Australia Source (Anuta et al., 2014) Impact of technology on the procurement market of electricity It is evident that the modern technology will play a significant part in the procurement strategy management of demand for the electricity supply chain in the Australian market. With the Rise of the demand of power generation, it is essential for the electricity industry of Australia to implement alternative techniques in order to meet up with the excessive demand. Hale et al., (2016), have mentioned about the importance of technology that can be implemented in order to deal with the challenges of dealing with the shortage of resources. Predictive analysis one of the important benefits that are gained with the implication of technology in the cases related to procurement management. Predictive can help in the cases related to securing the future and also dealing with the risk of resource shortages. It is also possible to make effective decisions depending upon the investment that is made for the future. In case of the electricity market of Australia, it is possible to improve upon th e supply transmission process with the implementation of Technology. In the current time, it has been seen that due today long distance process of supplying electricity, there is huge amount of wastage of power. With the implementation of new process of power transmission, it is possible to reduce the wastages that can improve upon the cost benefit ratio. The technology can also help to improve upon the process of implementation of renewable sources of energy. The usage of ultra supercritical Coal fired Technology and carbon capture storage is believed to play a major role in the future of electricity industry of Australia. Ultra supercritical coal Technology can help to improve upon the efficiency of thermal power plants and thereby help to produce more electricity. The increase of efficiency is generally measured in units produced per hour. Higher level of efficiency with the help of steam temperature and pressure is the basis of this type of Technology. The emission of greenhouse gas is significantly reduced with the help of this technology. As the wastage of electricity can be prevented, it is possible to procure the resources which can help to generate more electricity. It is predicted that with the help of ultra superficial coal technology, it is possible to generate 16% of the total electricity demand for all over of Australia (Ortega-Vazquez et al., 2013). The use of the renewable form of technology is used in the purpose of dealing with most of the procuring form of electricity generation. There is also a significant rise in the popularity of renewable electricity generation storage Technology, which can help to reduce the cost of electricity supply chain. Moreover, there is also the technology of low carbon emission technique, which can help in the matter of Sustainable development and preventing environmental degradation. The renewable forms of electricity generation technology is mainly dependent upon solar energy, which is needed the case of implementing procurement technology. There has been nearly 1.5 million distributed PV solar system technology installed in various parts of the nation, which has the potential to provide nearly 30 to 50% of the total electricity generation of Australia by the year 2050. Hence, securing the source of solar energy generation is one of the significant steps of implementing procurement management practice for the future of electricity industry. In spite of the fact that large scale solar PV generation project are still at its initial phase, it is believed that with new forms of investment by the year 2020, it is possible to generate 482 megawatt of electricity (Morales et al., 2013). The generation of wind power energy is believed to be the lowest cost as there is no expenditure involved in the process of maintenance of the wind generated turbine. In the year 2015, 76 wind farms have been able to generate 4187 Megawatt of electricity. As taller Towers are being installed, it will be possible to get access to greater wind speed. This will thereby help to improveupon the rate of efficiency of power generation. By the year 2030, with further improvement of the wind energy, it is possible to generate nearly 25% of the total electricity consumption of Australian population (Kim Kim, 2015). Hence, it can be said that with the implementation of wind solar and other form of renewable technology of energy, it is possible to improve upon the efficiency of power generation. With the current state of progress,it is expected that the renewable source of electricity Technology will bring about Revolution within the next few decades the Australian power generation market. On the other hand there are few challenges due to the process of implementation of the Renewable electricity generation in the form of solar and wind power. This is mainly because most of the technology that is entirely dependent upon the natural forces and thereby the natural calamities in the forms of disasters can compromise upon the total amount of electricity that are being generated from these renewable sources. The NEM plays a major part in the process of electricity generation process, which is needed in the process of dealing with the challenges related to the procurement of electricity supply for the future (Borenstein, Bushnell, 2015). Hence, it is essential to implement proper intervention techniques,in order to deal with the challenges of the power generation. It is also important to implement the power security techniques that will help in the process of making up with back up processes to deal with the challenges of procurement management. Proper storage technology wi ll be used both at the domestic and commercial levels, which will help to deal with the techniques related to storage of energy. Procurement Strategy for suppliers to make them use of technology In order to ensure the procurement strategy it is important to understand the overall demand and necessity of electricity market of Australia. The overall objectives of the industry and resource that are available also need to be properly assessed. The suppliers of the electricity industry need to implement the implication of new technology in order to procure the resources. The suppliers thereby need to shift from the traditional theories to that of the new strategies, which is necessary in the process of implementing the procurement strategies (). The NEM and OEM Will play a significant role in ensuring about the fact that all the electricity suppliers of Australian power industry are able to transfer to new technological methods. The management of the electricity industry in Australia need to close the monitor the Dynamics and changes within the Industry that are happening due to implementation of renewable Technology (Mahmoudi et al., 2014). The suppliers have to get used to the process of energy Optimization techniques, which is the basis of implementing procurement within the electricity industry. The energy procurement Outsourcing market in the Australian electricity industry is highly mature and deregulated due to the changes in the economic market. In order to ensure better process of implementing the technology, it is important for the suppliers to deal with the process of outsourcing. One of the major challenges that exist in the electricity industry of Australia is due to the fact that in house energy procurement process is highly volatile. One of the important steps for the suppliers in procuring the energy supply can be achieved by helping the customers strengthening their purchase unit (Peterseim et al., 2014). Unrivalled knowledge and technological capabilities are also required in the process of executing procurement strategies. The process of energy supply procurement capability in the Australian electricity market includes opportunity identification and market entry Strategies for renewable Technology. It is essential for the officials of Electricity Distribution industry to form contracts with new group of suppliers, who will be able to provide electricity from renewable sources. It is also important to provide proper training to the suppliers along with awareness program, which is needed to enhance the skill with the use of new technology in the procurement market of electricity (Riesz et al., 2015). With the help of Transition process from traditional approaches to the application of new technology,it is possible for the Australian electricity industry to have a secured future with the implementation of procurement management practice that is necessary to deal with the increase demand of electricity References ABC - Australian Broadcasting Corporation. (2017).Abc.net.au. Australian Energy Regulator |. (2017).Aer.gov.au Anuta, O. H., Taylor, P., Jones, D., McEntee, T., Wade, N. (2014). An international review of the implications of regulatory and electricity marketing structures on the emergence of grid scale electricity storage. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 38, 489-508. Anuta, O. H., Taylor, P., Jones, D., McEntee, T., Wade, N. (2014). An international review of the implications of regulatory and electricity market structures on the emergence of grid scale electricity storage. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 38, 489-508. Apergis, N., Lau, M. C. K. (2015). Structural breaks and electricity prices: Further evidence on the role of climate policy uncertainties in the Australian electricity market. Energy Economics, 52, 176-182. Bae, M., Kim, H., Kim, E., Chung, A. Y., Kim, H., Roh, J. H. (2014). Toward electricity retail competition: Survey and case study on technical infrastructure for advanced electricity market system. Applied Energy, 133, 252-273. Borenstein, S., Bushnell, J. (2015). The US electricity industry after 20 years of restructuring. Annu. Rev. economics., 7(1), 437-463. Dowling, R., Kent, J. (2015). Practice and publicprivate partnerships in sustainable transport governance: The case of car sharing in Sydney, Australia. Transport Policy, 40, 58-64. Edquist, C., Vonortas, N. S., Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M., Edler, J. (Eds.). (2015). Public procurement for innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing. Elliston, B., Macgill, I., Diesendorf, M. (2013). Least cost 100% renewable electricity scenarios in the Australian National Electricity Market. Energy Policy, 59, 270-282. Elliston, B., MacGill, I., Diesendorf, M. (2014). Comparing least cost scenarios for 100% renewable electricity with low emission fossil fuel scenarios in the Australian National Electricity Market. Renewable Energy, 66, 196-204. Grob, S., Benn, S. (2014). Conceptualising the adoption of sustainable procurement: an institutional theory perspective. Australasian journal of environmental management, 21(1), 11-21. Hale, E., Stoll, B., Mai, T. (2016). Capturing the impact of storage and other flexible technologies on electric system planning (No. NREL/TP--6A20-65726). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Kim, K., Kim, Y. (2015). Role of policy in innovation and international trade of renewable energy technology: Empirical study of solar PV and wind power technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 717-727. Lember, V., Kattel, R., Kalvet, T. (2014). How governments support innovation through public procurement: Comparing evidence from 11 countries. In Public Procurement, Innovation and Policy (pp. 287-309). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lember, V., Kattel, R., Kalvet, T. (Eds.). (2013). Public procurement, innovation and policy: International perspectives. Springer Science Business Media. Mahmoudi, N., Eghbal, M., Saha, T. K. (2014). Employing demand response in energy procurement plans of electricity retailers. International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, 63, 455-460. McConnell, D., Hearps, P., Eales, D., Sandiford, M., Dunn, R., Wright, M., Bateman, L. (2013). Retrospective modeling of the merit-order effect on wholesale electricity prices from distributed photovoltaic generation in the Australian National Electricity Market. Energy Policy, 58, 17-27. McMurray, A. J., Islam, M. M., Siwar, C., Fien, J. (2014). Sustainable procurement in Malaysian organizations: Practices, barriers and opportunities. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 20(3), 195-207. Morales, J. M., Conejo, A. J., Madsen, H., Pinson, P., Zugno, M. (2013). Integrating renewables in electricity markets: operations problems (Vol. 205). Springer Science Business Media. Ortega-Vazquez, M. A., Bouffard, F., Silva, V. (2013). Electric vehicle aggregator/system operator coordination for charging scheduling and services procurement. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(2), 1806-1815. Peterseim, J. H., Herr, A., Miller, S., White, S., O'Connell, D. A. (2014). Concentrating solar power/alternative fuel hybrid plants: annual electricity potential and ideal areas in Australia. Energy, 68, 698-711. Ravenswood, K., Kaine, S. (2015). The role of government in influencing labour conditions through the procurement of services: Some political challenges. Journal of Industrial Relations, 57(4), 544-562. Riesz, J., Gilmore, J., MacGill, I. (2015). Frequency control ancillary service market design: Insights from the australian national electricity market. The Electricity Journal, 28(3), 86-99. Sanchez, A. X., Lehtiranta, L., Hampson, K. D., Kenley, R. (2013, May). Sustainable infrastructure procurement in Australia: standard vs. project practices. In Proceedings of the 19th International CIB World Building Congress, Brisbane 2013: Construction and Society (pp. 1-12). Queensland University of Technology

Michael Gaffney Essays - Ageing, Gerontology, Senescence, Demography

Michael Gaffney Mr. Morrisey 7th Hour English November 5, 2000 Life Expectancy Research and biology will be the most important factors that determine how long people will be expected to live. With all the research and technology starting to prevail people in the future will live longer and healthier lives. There are many centenari-ans in the world now, that number will continue to rise rapidly in the next 20 years. The longest-lived human on record was 122 years 5 months and 14 days (Fischer 58). This number will easily be surpassed in the future. The average life expectancy in the United States has grown so much in the last 100 years it shows only a promising future. The overall goal is to live a long and healthy life, not just to extend the span. The average life expectancy in the United States has grown from 47 in 1900 to 76 in 1999. In the next century, biology should help more and more people reach the age of 100 (Weiner 74). Currently there are about 61,000 people over the age of 100, by the year 2020, it is predicted that there will be over 214,000 (56). The male sex does not seem to be living as long nor as healthy, 79 percent of the people over 100 are women (58). Although centenarians are rare, they are the fastest growing seg-ment of the United Population. The baby boomers will be one of the first generations to experience the great increase in the life expectancy rate. The Census Bureau projects that one in nine baby boomers will survive into their late 90's, and one in 26 will reach 100. "In 1900, the odds of living that long were one in 500," stated Lynn Adler, founder of National Centenarian Awareness Projections (Cowley 59). Extending the average life expectancy age would be great, but living a healthy life while doing that would be even better. Americans are living longer and healthier. The disability rate among people older than 65 is steadily decreasing. Less and less of them are suffering from hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and dementia (59). In a study done in New England, 79 centenarians all lived independently thro ugh their early 90's, and take an average of just one medica-tion (Cowley 59). One man, Miller Quarles, believes, "Old age is a disease. It can be cured." Dr. Walter M. Bortz of Stanford University thinks people should stay alive to 100 years of age. He believes the human body is built to last to the age of 120 years old (Hittner 126). A doctor with an opposing view believes that the length of our life is greatly determined by our hereditary genes, and that not everyone has what it takes to live to be 100 (Hittner 128). Miller Quarles is hoping that research labs and institutions will find a way to lengthen his life and keep him healthy. Some of the scientists might have found something to build on to. In the pasts century, medicines and better sanitation has helped the average life expectancy increase. People are starting to learn more about genes and chemical involvement in the aging process. The goal is not just to live longer, but to also live healthy. With the findings of a bio logical "clock" ticking away in each of our cells, the knowing of how to reset those clocks would mean that people would never die from old age (Fischer 58). Seymour Benzer of the California Institute of Technology has made the first detailed map of a gene's interior. He and his students discovered a "clock gene", which helps our bodies place itself in time (Weiner 75). Each time a cell divide, the strand gets a bit shorter. When it runs out, the cell can not divide anymore so it ages and dies. Scientists found that the enzyme telomerase can rebuild the strand over and over again. This substance has human cells living immortally in a petri dish at Geron Corp. for more than 200 regular lifetimes. None of the scientists have yet fig-ured out how to apply this to the entire body, but they are com-ing closer to being able to create new human parts that might not ever wear out (59). At Advance Cell Technology

Professional Nursing Example

Professional Nursing Example Professional Nursing – Coursework Example IPCP and QSEN Competencies. IPCP and QSEN competencies Nursing practice and health care leadership have been for a long time driven by a complex system of economics, technology, regulations and multimodal organizations (Turkel, 2000). There is a need to balance these economic realities with the principles of caring science, nursing cultures, and healthcare organization. The organization has to improve on some of its leadership and caring styles to promote its effectiveness. A BSN –prepared course to help nurses internalize some of the competencies as described in the Quality and Safety Education for Nursing (QSEN) and IPCP. Some of the QSEN competencies include; patient-oriented care, practicing teamwork and collaboration, ensuring safety, providing quality informatics and leading an evidence-based practice all the time. With all these competencies in practice, the BSN nurse leaders would be able to strengthen relationships and promote self-organization by communicating to the other nurses through team work and unifying framework of caring science. Explaining to the other patients that the provision of a patient-oriented care gives the nurses an opportunity to express their caring attributes to patients. The communication also improves the relationship between nurses and patients and between nurses themselves. Through round walks, they are able to exchange feelings and thoughts and encouraging the patients, which promotes caring and complexity principles. The impacts would be that the practice of evidence-based care and having quality information is a great boost the organizational integrity. This will improve the trust of the patients and create a serene environment for the nurses to work. A good health provider is always a need of any community, and that can only be achieved through the quality of services. Safety for both the nurses and patients is a fundamental attribute which any organization should maintain at any given time and should be guarded n o matter the cost of all team players in an organization. I have seen the competencies being followed in a clinical setting and I would be able to influence the process through encouraging other nurses to follow and implement these competencies in the course of their jobs, be an example for using these competencies, and guiding new nurses in adhering to these competencies. Making it my duty to train new nurses on ways to incorporate these competencies in practice and developing a framework for all the nurses to follow these competencies in job performance are the other ways I can make an influence on the process. In conclusion, implementation of these competencies would go a long way in improving the service delivery in hospitals and improving the organization’s economic standards.ReferenceKingston, M.B. & Turkel, M.B. (2011). Caring science and complexity science guiding the practice of hospital and nursing administrative practice. In A. Davidson, M. Ray, & M. Turkel (Eds.). Nursing, caring, and complexity science (169-185). New York: Springer Publishing Company

Macintosh is better than windows essays

Macintosh is better than windows essays In todays world, owning a computer is an essential part of life. Although there are numerous types of computers that you could own, there are two main types to consider, Windows and Macintosh. Owning a Windows computer is better than owning a Macintosh computer because of the ability to upgrade, getting technical support, and overall ease of use. One huge advantage of owning a windows computer is being able to upgrade the components and software. Due to the increasing amount of computer companies producing windows compatible computer components, obtaining the parts needed to upgrade your computer are readily available and easy to find. Installing components such as sound cards, modems, and memory are fast and simple. Installing software on a Windows computer is just as easy and with thousands of software companies writing programs for Windows computers, you have a wide variety of software titles to choose from. While Windows computers are easy to upgrade, Macintoshes on the other hand are not. Macintosh computer components are harder to find due to the fact that there arent that many companies making Mac parts. Although the installation of the components is similar to a Windows computer, it is a little more difficult to disassemble the Mac computer. Finding software that you may want is also difficult if you own a Mac. Most retail stores dont carry a lot of Mac software, but many do carry Windows software. Another advantage in owning a Windows computer instead of a Mac is the ease of getting technical support. When you purchase a Windows computer from a company like Hewert Packert you get great technical support from them. The manufacturer of your Windows computer usually has a local service repair shop that will repair your computer for free as long as it is in warranty. If your computer is out of warranty and since Windows computers dont use proprietary hardware and software, finding someone to repair yo...

Solid Waste Management; Hazardous Waste Management (SLP) Essay

Solid Waste Management; Hazardous Waste Management (SLP) - Essay Example erable types of waste , but it is seen that (HHW) Household Hazardous Wastes are extremely toxic in nature which may be also be corrosive, flammable and extremely reactive to a number of materials. One of the examples of items that come into this category is the antifreeze that is poured into the ground or the batteries that are put in the trash can for this purpose. These kinds of materials are highly reactive in nature and are a potential bio-hazard. This may lead to a number of health complications for humans and other living beings that com into contact with this waste. The dumping of waste materials in open areas, unauthorized landfills, the dumping of the waste materials in the creek, pond and other open areas are also termed as potentially dangerous means of waste disposal. Other than this, not packing the waste properly, leaving the trash cans exposed to open air may lead to a number of diseases (Stuart and Steiner 97). Adequate care must be taken to ensure that all the waste is dumped in safe areas where the disposal becomes easier. There should be no leakages for the wastage to escape, and coming into contact with open air. These are some of the improper trash disposal practices that are seen commonly. If the trash is not disposed in a proper manner, it may lead to a number of complications in the surrounding neighbourhood. The complications may get more severe in the case of an earthquake or tornado, as it leads to a de-stabilization of the existing infrastructure of waste management (Rao 3). It may lead to unattended waste that shall attract flies, rats, lizards and other animals that may act as agents for spreading of a number of infectious diseases. These solid wastes may lead to a number of health complications for the human beings. The earthquakes or any kind of natural calamity shall lead to a number of complications for the human beings. In other situations, if the domestic waste is not handled in a proper manner, this may lead to chronic

Analysis of the Hospitality and Tourism Provision in Portsmouth Essay

Analysis of the Hospitality and Tourism Provision in Portsmouth - Essay Example the funding provided to the council was utilised for improving the notorious accident prone areas and a number of road junctions (The Berkeley Group, 2012). Approximately 31 cities and night time economy centres of the UK have been granted the Purple Flag status. These include, Bournemouth, Bristol, Leicester Square, and Winchester. Upon adopting this methodology for improving evening and night time offer, Gunwharf Quays can acquire the Purple Flag accreditation. In addition, it will be able to provide better and varied evening and night time fare for those who reside, work, study or visit Portsmouth (Shaping the Future of Portsmouth, 2013). As such, the Purple Flag accreditation informs visitors that there is vibrant, easy and safe access to evening entertainment. Moreover, it would provide businesses with a lucrative area to invest in. This accreditation emerged from the research project conducted by the Civic Trust. This project discerned that centres are used to a greater extent at night, only when they are accessible, safe and provide variety (Shaping the Future of Portsmouth, 2013). Moreover, the presence of a diverse clientele enhances perceptions. In this context, the Portsmouth Community Safety Survey 2012 demonstrated the presence of a substantial difference betwixt the perception of crime and anti-social behaviour, in comparison to the actual experience of such crime. Furthermore, the presence of a vast array of attractions and consumers results in long term economic viability and improved tourism (Shaping the Future of Portsmouth, 2013). A pragmatic and all inclusive audit of the evening and late night economy is provided by the Purple Flag accreditation process of the Association of Town Centre Managers. The evaluation is on the basis of certain specific criteria. Some of these are appeal or the wide variety of venues providing several different types of activity. Movement or the presence of safe, well managed and affordable public transport. Such

Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark Essay Example for Free

Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark Essay Much of the dramatic irony and dramatic tension in Shakespeares Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark derives from the interplay between the characters public and private personas. The face that each of the characters shows to the public contrasts with, in most cases, the private persona of the same character. Similarly, the private face or motives of the characters usually stands in diametric opposition to their public persona. The most obvious examples of this dynamic is, are course, the characters of Claudius and Gertrude who must, by necessity, keep up a fraudulent set of public perceptions to cover their crimes of infidelity and murder. These obvious examples, however, are no more profound or integral to the plays thematic impact than the likewise hypocrisies which afflict nearly every other character of the play. The almost universal nature of social mendacity is represented in Hamlet as being,in fact, the source of what is rotten in Denmark. The brilliance of the play exists, in part, in Shakespeares ability to demonstrate the way in which hypocrisy and being two-faced can impact all levels of society and corrupt even friendship and love. In many ways, the cast of characters in Hamlet reflect a social microcosm, with Hamlet, the young Prince, and Ophelia, representing the youth of society and the ghost of Hamlets father, Gertrude, Claudius, and Polonius representing the social establishment and cultural traditions which have fostered ongoing mendacity. From the very opening scene of the play, Shakespeare, with a knack for amazing subtlety, writes the following exchange between Bernardo and Horatio: BERNARDO Say, What, is Horatio there? HORATIO A piece of him. (Hamlet, 1. 1 25-28) Horatios reply indicates, according to critics of the play, that he is referring to the cold night air which has reduced him to a shivering semblance of his former self. However, the line can also be read as a subtle extension of the theme of mendacity adn meant to indicate that even Horatio, who will be revealed throughout the course of the play as a true friend to Hamlet, has been impacted by the rottenness in Denmark, the social hypocrisy which holds all in its sway. Similarly, Polonius, who represents the religious and spiritual aspects of society in the social microcosm of the play, dispenses words of wisdom to Laertes, acting the part of the wise and compassionate patriarch, a man of morals and God. Among his words of wisdom in Act One, Scene Three are the following observations: Beware/ Of entrance to a quarrel, but being in,/ Beart that the opposed may beware of thee. / Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice;/ Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgment (Hamlet 1. 3, 69-73). Obviously, Polonius fails to live by his own words. He openly intrigues against Hamlet, immersing himself into a quarrel which was not his own, and after doing so, fails to Beart that the opposed may beware of thee (Hamlet 1. 3, 71), but ends up being killed by Hamlet on accident. Key to all of the ironies which are associated with Shakespeares them of social mendacity is the character of Hamlet himself. If the reader or audience member who is experiencing Hamlet believes in the heart that Hamlet is, indeed, mad, then much of Hamlets behavior can be explained by madness. If, on the other hand, the reader or audience member believes that Hamlet is simply presenting yet another social face this one in order to disrupt the hypocrisy of society then Hamlets behavior becomes a method by which Shakespeare examines the heavy toll which is exacted on the individual in a hypocritical society. There is every reason to believe that the latter context is the one which Shakespeare hope to achieve in the play. One good bit of evidence for this supposition is in Act 2, Scene One, when Ophelia, stricken by the state which Hamlet has allowed himself to get into, she voices her concerns to her father, Polonius. Ophelia describes Hamlet with his doublet all unbraced (Shakespeare, 2. 1, 85) and No hat upon his head (Shakespeare 2. 1, 86). His appearance is taken to be an indication of his inner-state, propelling the sense of social facade as serving in place of truth in society. Ophelia concludes that Hamlet appeared as though he had been loosed out of hell/ To speak of horrors,he comes before me (Shakespeare 2. 1, 90-91). The implication is that Hamlets disheveled state must indicate that he is, in fact, mad. Obviously, while Hamlet appears mad to others, he is plotting with great, rational precision to expose what he fears is the crime committed by his mother and his uncle. The sub-text of this is that Hamlet should be mad given the reality of the dilemma he faces. The great irony is, in fact, that he is not mad, but sane which will not allow him to live in a world of lies and hypocrisy. When Claudius and Gertrude react with horror to the play within a play Hamlets response is What, frighted with false fire! (Shakespeare 3. 2, 262) indicating his very rational understanding of the situation and of the reality of social mendacity. At this point, it seems that merely knowing of the hypocrisy is enough for Hamlet because when Claudius responds Give me some light: away! (Shakespeare 3. 2, 265) it is an admission that he, the King, and by association the whole of Denmark exists in darkness which is the darkness of social hypocrisy. Although hypocrisy is never actually justified in Hamlet, there is an interesting reason which is given in Act 4 of the play as to why people may be so easily led into hypocrisy and self-deception and that reason is: human mortality. When Hamlet observes of the dead that Theres another: why may not that be the skull of a / lawyer? Where be his quiddities now, his quillets,/ his cases, his tenures, and his tricks? (Shakespeare, 4. 1, 94-98) the reader or audience member realizes that the human hypocrisy portrayed throughout the play represents not only the lies and deceit necessary to facilitate human ambition in a corrupted society, but the human tendency to reject cosmic issues such as life and death and human spirituality in favor of materialism and worldly power. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Works of William Shakespeare Gathered into One Volume. New York: Oxford University Press, 1938.

Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

Booker T. Washington was the first African American whose likeness appeared on a United States postage stamp. Washington also was thus honored a quarter century after his death. In 1946 he also became the first black with his image on a coin, a 50-cent piece. The Tuskegee Institute, which Washington started at the age of 25, was the where the 10-cent stamps first were available. The educator's monument on its campus shows him lifting a symbolic veil from the head of a freed slave. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born a slave on April 5, 1856, in Franklin County, Va. His mother, Jane Burroughs, was a plantation cook. His father was an unknown white man. As a child, Booker swept yards and brought water to slaves working in the fields. Freed after the American Civil War, he went with his mother to Malden, W. Va., to join Washington Ferguson, whom she had married during the war. At about age 16 Booker set out for Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, which had been established by the chief of the Freedmen's Bureau to educate former slaves. He walked much of the way, working to earn the fare to complete the long, dusty journey to Virginia. For his admission test he repeatedly swept and dusted a classroom, and he was able to earn his board by working as a janitor. After graduation three years later he taught in Malden and at Hampton. A former slave who had become a successful farmer, and a white politician in search of the Negro vote in Macon County obtained financial support for a training school for blacks in Tuskegee, Ala. When the board of commissioners asked the head of Hampton to send a principal for their new school, they had expected the principal to be white. Instead Washington arrived in June 1881. He began classes in July with 30 students in a shanty donated by a black church. Later he borrowed money to buy an abandoned plantation nearby and moved the school there. By the time of his death in Tuskegee in 1915 the institute had some 1,500 students, more than 100 well-equipped buildings, and a large faculty. Washington believed that blacks could promote their constitutional rights by impressing Southern whites with their economic and moral progress. He wanted them to forget about political power and concentrate on their farming skills and learning industrial trades.

Argument for Market Segmentation

Market segmentation is the process of dividing the market according to similarities that exist among the various subgroups within the market. The similarities may be common characteristics, or common needs and desires. (All Business – Directory Of Business Terms 2011) Market segmentation has become an important function in the banking industry because of the existence of intense competition, not only within the industry but also from the likes of finance and insurance companies. Banks deal with various types of customers e. g. , individuals, group of people, corporate entities, etc. ho all have their likes and dislikes. No bank can afford to assess the need of each and every individual customer separately. It is nearly impossible for banks to market all these categories of customers on a one-to-one basis, particularly if they simply rely on predictable socio-economic data like age and income as the base for dividing customers into segments. To overcome this problem, a bank must adopt a market segmentation strategy, which recognises the wisdom of specialising to suit the need of a segment of the market rather than trying to address the requirements of each and every customer separately. Spark Slide 43 highlights that ‘segmentation is needed because; you cannot be all things to all people’. Market segmentation enables more accurate and effective communication of benefits in relation to needs. Market segmentation would also help the bank or any organisation identify growth opportunities. ?Market of banking products can be segmented in a number of different ways. Market segmentation must have certain qualities that make it possible to specialise the marketing approaches. The segmentation must be measurable in terms of the criteria used for segmentation; accessible through the distribution system; and sizable in volume in order to generate the economy of operations. One of the rational ways of segmentation could be dividing the banking market into retail and wholesale market. With market segmentation a bank can gain a competitive edge by programming different marketing strategies for customers of different segments. It could be argued that a bank segments its market into more or less homogeneous groups, in terms of their needs and expectations from the banking industry. With out market segmentation, organisations do not fully understand their market, their competitors’ strategies, and their own customer and prospect base, meaning they are simply not equipped to compete effectively. Their attempts to attract customers will be fruitless, both because the propositions are not sufficiently targeted to be fully relevant to the majority of customers, but also because the communications and channel activities aimed at customer acquisition will lack focus and relevance.

European Crisis

Meanwhile, it has greatly magnified its intensity as well as its scale; Italian, Portugal, and Spain have recently come its next victims after Greece and Ireland. An apt and practical remedy is what we desperately need at this time of harshness. In the scope of this essay, the three most commonly accepted solutions to the Crisis will be presented and discussed. Germany, the only European country having a growth in economy during the previous year, plays the central role in two of them. Greece, on the other hand, might also have the chance to resolve its shameful ‘legacy.Despite the diversity of routes and methods, all these strategy have the same objectives: save the Rezone from a possible break-up and bring prosperity back to the Continent. . Seeking for the cure Since the collapse of Greek economy in 2009, two bailout loan packages for this country, which valued ? ¬110 billion and ? ¬130 billion, respectively, have been signed off by European leaders. In addition, a ? ¬ 85 billion loan to Ireland and another ? ¬78 billion to Portugal were made shortly afterward.While these loans' expected effects are still miles away, its counter effect has been so obvious to Europe: the enormous burden borne by other members will pull even financially healthy countries back into crisis. Governments is on its way down. In the worst scenario, if Italian goes defaulted, the added bailout loan for the fourth largest economy in Europe is estimated to cost more than ? ¬1,000 billion, a terribly huge number which surpasses many countries' GAP and amounts to over a half of French GAP in 2011.Bailout now appears to be only a temporarily fire-fighting solution, because if things keep going on this way, the Rezone will, sooner or later, find it getting trapped in the vicious circle of crisis- bailout-more crisis. An ultimate rescue plan for the Rezone is now more desirable than ever before. One of the most concerned and most controversial proposals was about the Rebound' – a bond issued by the whole Rezone countries as an effort to share debts among members in a more comprehensive way.If exist, that new bond would be guaranteed by the confidence in the powerful economic engine of Germany. The risk premium on that bond would reduce significantly, which could translate into a lower interest rate and a more acceptable burden, whereas it would also be more attractive to investors than separate governmental bonds of Greece, Italian or Spain. In case the bonds grow to maturity, the peripheral countries would not have to bear the obligation of payment alone, as the whole region's economies would share that indebtedness.In brief, ‘Rebound' is a way of transferring the abundant wealth from rich countries to troubled countries which are in need of that money, and simultaneously, sharing the burden among Rezone members more equally. Of course, this requires a high level of solidarity and mutual trust within Europe, since it may turn the Rezone in to the most fiscally and politically cohesive union in the human history. The idea of ‘Rebound' was immediately in favor of new French President, Franà §ois Hollander, and MIFF President, Christine Laggard.These two French people know that, although always being considered the second largest economy in Europe, France is now at the edge of recession, due to its closely financial relationship with Greece and other peripheral countries (before the Crisis, France was Grace's largest creditor, holding nearly $60 billion Greek direct debts). ‘Rebound' appears to be the best solution for France to avoid the destructive orbit of crisis. However, Angela Marker and Germany did not find this idea interesting. From the very beginning, German people have blamed other countries' profligacy for the Crisis.They argued that they had always worked diligently, and paid one of the highest tax levels in the world, with the belief that these taxes would better off their social welfare, as it actually did. They were tired of watching their tax money dedicated to hopeless bailout loans to countries, which had pursued reckless expenditure policies. They simply did not want to take another chance with that so-called ‘Rebound', since it directly targeted at them as the main player, so they would, eventually, have to work and pay for most of the living of the whole region.The profound disagreement only exist on paper. Gary Silverman of Swordfish Research says Germany would only budge ‘at one minute to midnight if the alternative was a complete collapse of the system'. 3. The ‘Credit' plan On November 2011, Lord Wolfs, chief executive of retailer Next, launched a competition and offered a prize of IEEE,OHO for the best idea to get Europe out of the current situation. Many proposals had been submitted from all over the world, and the winning one was the entry of Roger Bottle and his team at Capital Economics.Their plan suggested that Greece and other countrie s which are currently at the edge f default should leave the Rezone and introduce a new currency. A ‘Credit'-a combination of ‘Greece' and ‘exit' implying the escape of Greece from the Rezone-is believed to be vital for the restructuring of Greek economy as well as for the stability of other countries' financial systems. According to this plan, the transformation process has to be prepared thoroughly and secretly, and the action must be carried out promptly and straightly without prior public announcement.Right after the introduction of the new currency, called the ‘drachma', the Greek government has to reclaim the conversion rate between Euro and drachma. An initial one-for-one rate would be appropriate and widely acceptable. For example, a book which used to cost ? ¬2 would now simply cost 2 drachmas. This would be helpful in avoiding confusion among the public, as well as reducing the ‘menu costs' in business transactions. In addition, people would probably want to withdraw their Euro holdings in banks because they have little confidence in the new drachma.Therefore, governmental controls are necessary to prevent a capital flight, which could instantly cause a vegetating collapse in Greek ailing bank industry. Until withdrawals in Euro and in drachma could be told apart, the whole withdrawing system, including banks and ATM, need to be shut down. In the next step, the Greek government could negotiate the redefinition of its Euro-denominated debts right after the transformation. Although the conversion rate appears to be understandable for the creditors, they would surely claim a substantial extra payment from Greece as the compensation for changing the terms of debt contracts.The strategic aim of this whole meticulous plan would only take its toll hourly later. As being issued by such a weak state as Greece, drachma would soon experience a devaluation compared to Euro, followed up by a high inflation rate. Inflation is exactl y what Greece currently needs. First, debts now denominated in drachma would significantly reduce in value, making them more likely to be repaid at a more acceptable cost for Greece. Additional, a high inflation rate meaner a lower real interest rate, which would stimulate borrowings and spending.Devaluation would also make Greek exports more competitive in the global market, which greatly contributes to the national income. Finally, according to macroeconomic theory, inflation could reduce the unemployment, and create more Jobs for a quarter of Greek labor force. Conundrums Greece is faced with, but will also assuage the burden to the rest of Europe. The regional stability will partly recover, and concerns about the health of Euro will probably be replaced by a slight increase in creditworthiness of Italian, Spain or Portugal.On its side, Germany can be relieved from the bad affects of the Crisis, as well as the duty of sharing Grace's debts. It can focus more on internal affairs a nd other peripheral countries. However, such a risky plan with perfect timing requirements would not happen without the nod and the intervention of Germany, Greek current main creditor. 4. The return of Deutsche Mark Another newly raised proposal suggests Germany exit the Rezone and reintroduce the Deutsche Mark (DAM). At the first glance, it seems to be inconceivable, as Germany is now considered the only power left which can save the Rezone from a complete collapse.However, there is a potential opportunity of reform lying beneath the contradiction. This plan states that Germany's exit would immediately weaken the Euro, and that event would create the crucial breathing space needed for other countries' self-renovate plans. The depreciation in Euro would have similar consequences as a ‘Credit'. It would make the real value of debts in Euro reduce, while increase Rezone countries' competitiveness in exporting, including France's and the Netherlands'.Despite of Germany's withdra wal these states would be more likely to stay, and their manufacturing industries would benefit a lot from a weaker Euro. This stimulation would become the main inspiration for an uprising of the hole monetary union and each of its members. As the regional economies foster, there would have a great demand of labor force, which would ultimately solve the issue of unemployment in troubled countries. Also, Spanish lower priced real estate would become a bargain for foreign investors, provided the Euros devaluation.That inflow of capital would be a precious resource for Spain to take necessary steps out of the Crisis. As opposed to the ‘Credit', supporters of this plan claims that Greek exit could surely result in uncontrollable panic for peripheral countries, which is followed by bank nuns, failures and a tremendous trend of escaping. Meanwhile, a strong nation like Germany could ‘execute a swift exit that would be over before anyone could panic'. Additional, if Germany exi ts, it would not have to act as secretly as Greece would do.It would simply start the process by issuing government bonds denominated in DAM, while still live up to all previous assets, liabilities or contracts in Euro. A transition period would be necessary for Germany to get rid of the old Euro currency, but it would be less shocking and less risky than a Greek redefinition. Although Germany would initially suffer a considerable decrease in exports, since the DAM, which is much stronger than the Euro, would make German goods more expensive, the German powerful economy could promptly revive shortly after the exit.This action might appear to be agonizing, but people believe that it would completely end the lingering pain of the Crisis. Polls conducted recently have pointed out that many German people will be happy if they can return to the old currency. Like Britain, although Germany would not be in the Rezone anymore, its important position in the soundness of European economy woul d not diminish. He region, Germany is currently the only nation that can use its exclusive prosperity to save the rest of Europe from the haunt of crisis.Alternatively, it may choose to abandon the Euro, return to its Deutsche Mark, and leave an adequately necessary space for the reform of other countries. Or it may even do nothing but watch Greek people get out of the union and take their chance with the drachma. The time left is not much. Spain is on the edge. Italian may be the next one. George Sorbs, the legendary investor, says that Germany has only three month to save both the Rezone and ‘a lost decade'. Whatever the decision of Germany is going to be, it must be made promptly and wisely enough.

Leo

Leo I still remember the long bus ride to the capital with my first grade class. I was so excited to see the beautiful gold domed building with magnificent marble floors and tall pillars.The first thing I did when I got off of the bus was to look for the president; I was sure that I would see him here at this grand building. I actually thought that the president lived in Charleston, West Virginia (the capital of our state). Once I asked my teacher where he was, she gently told me that the president was in Washington; we were here to see the governor.In my young mind I could easily equate the president and the governor together. There really didn't seem to be much difference between them, they were both important men. So no longer upset, I was ready to start my tour of the capital building.I was positively floored by the beauty that met us at the door.CLipped version of picture of George Bernard Shaw,...The expensive floors, the valuable paintings, the large offices, and the huge meeting rooms just beckoned me.Once we had seen all of the building that our little legs would allow us, our teacher finally informed us that we would now be meeting the governor, Gaston Caperton. I was the last person to shake his hand, much to my dismay. As a last minute surprise, Mr. Caperton asked our class to pose for a picture with him ,and I got to stand directly beside the governor. I knew right at that moment that I wanted to do just what the governor did. I wanted to help take care of our beautiful state in any way that I possibly could. That is why I want to major in political science in college.Political science students learn how to think...

Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained

Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re like the average student, you’re probably bemoaning the ever-rising cost of college. School seems almost impossibly expensive, and yet every year sticker prices tend to go up. You know that getting a degree is important for your future career prospects, and you understand that you can apply for financial aid, but you just don’t get how schools can set these sky-high prices. Did college tuition always cost so much? And if not, why has it risen to its current rate? I’ll answer these questions and more in the following sections, which address: Current college expenses cost breakdowns Historical trends of tuition fee expenses in the US Explanations for these rapid cost increases What you actually pay for school, and how that’s different from the sticker price Tips strategies for keeping your costs down Read on to learn more about why college is so expensive, and what you can do to afford it. What Does College Cost? Before we talk about why college is so expensive, we should talk about what college actually costs. You might already have a general idea of average prices for public and private schools in the US, so hopefully this info won’t give you sticker shock. The major college costs that students are responsible for include tuition, fees, room, and board. Tuition fees are generally lumped together, as are room board costs. All of these expenses (plus a few minor others) are equal to the total amount it costs for a student to go to school for one year, otherwise known as the Cost of Attendance. Let’s look at some of these average costs for the last academic year (2014-2015): Tuition and Fees Private college average = $32,405 Public college average for in-state residents = $9,410 Public college average for out-of-state residents = $22,958 Room and Board Private college average =$11,188 Public college average = $9,804 In sum, the average Cost of Attendance ranges from about $18,943 at public schools to $42,419 at private schools (there will obviously be some variation - these are just averages). You can read more about the breakdown of college expenses by checking out our comprehensive guide to college costs. Now that you have a good baseline for current college costs, we can talk about why, exactly, they’re so shocking. We can do this by looking at historical data, or information on college costs over the last few decades. Historical Trends: The Rising Cost of College College cost trends in a nutshell. Here, we’ll take a look at how tuition, fees, room, and board costs have changed (in today’s dollars) over the last 40 years or so. I’ve created some graphs, so you have a better representation of rising expenses from a few different perspectives (data sources include College Board, IPEDS): Average tuition fee increases (for both private and public schools) Average room board increases (for both private and public schools) Average private college versus public college cost increases Tuition and Fee Increases I’m starting with tuition fees because this is where we tend to see the most dramatic cost increases over the past few decades – you’ll see what I mean on the graph below. Remember that these costs are all in 2015 dollars – because of inflation, $1 decades ago was worth much more than it is now. This has been accounted for in the graph so that the cost increases don’t seem larger or more drastic than they actually are. That being said, they look pretty drastic: Average Tuition Fees, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school tuition cost $10,088 in 1975, whereas the average private school tuition now costs $32,405. That’s a 221% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school tuition cost $2,387 in 1975, whereas the average public school tuition now costs $9,410. That’s a 294% increase over the past 40 years. When people talk about the discrepancy between private school and public school costs, this is generally what they mean. Room board can be expensive (as you’ll see in a minute), but the greatest difference in costs is evident when we look at tuition fees. The major factor that accounts for this difference? Public school tuition is subsidized by the state, whereas private school tuition isn’t. The tuition numbers for public schools listed above are average costs for in-state residents - tuition for out-of-state residents at public schools can be much more expensivebecause it’s not subsidized for those students. Room and Board Increases Room board costs can be a bit more variable than tuition fees costs, and depend heavily on things like cost of living in a particular area, or students’ living and dining plan selections. That being said, average room board costs have increased pretty dramatically over past decades (again, the amounts here have all been adjusted to 2015 dollars). Average Room Board, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school room board cost $6,125 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $11,516. That’s a 188% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school room board cost $5,446 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $10,138. That’s a 186% increase over the past 40 years. You might notice that although private room board costs are more expensive than those of public schools, there’s not a huge difference between them - in the 2015-2016 school year, for example, the difference between average room board costs between school types came to $1,378. Total Cost Increases: Private Colleges vs. Public Colleges Finally, we’ll take a look at how the average costs of private schools have compared to the average costs of public schools (in 2015 dollars) over the past four decades. Although they’ve both risen at rates faster than that of inflation, you might notice that there’s a big difference in the costs (and the change in costs) between public and private schools: Average Tuition Fees + Room Board Costs, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) Overall, we can see that average education costs have risen pretty rapidly. For public schools -The average total cost went from $7,833 in 1975 to $19,548 in 2015. That’s a 250% increase over four decades. For private schools -The average total cost went from $16,213 in 1975 to $43,921 in 2015. That’s a 271% increase over four decades. Your next question, naturally, might be why we’ve seen such a rapid increase in the cost of a college education in the US over the past 40 years. This isn’t an easy question to answer, but we’ll address all possible explanations for the rising cost of college in the next section. Why Are CollegeCosts Rising So Rapidly? This is the million dollar question - we know very well that costs are rising, and by how much. What’s more difficult to understand is why, exactly, college costs (for both public and private schools!) are going up at such an astonishing rate. There are several popular explanations for these cost increases. As with most complex issues, however, it’s difficult to approach a question like this objectively because most of these explanations come from perspectives that are biased by particular financial or political agendas. I can’t tell you for sure what the â€Å"right† answer is, but I can present the explanations and discuss their merits. This will help you gain a better understanding of how many factors may affect these dramatic cost increases. Explanation #1: Public Funding for Education Has Been Slashed This explanation may be the one most endorsed by schools themselves, and it’s likely to be the one you hear if you ask admissions officers or tour guides about the issue at any pricey institution. It’s not that costs have gone up - costs have just been shifted to students as schools have to make up deficits left by slashed state or federal funding. But is it true that the government has stalled or cut funding for post-secondary institutions? Well, not necessarily. Overall, government funding for higher education (i.e. college) has increased a lot faster than government spending in general. Although there are hiccupswhen the economy is in bad shape - like during the Great Recession - funding, in general, seems to have increased significantly over past decades: State funding for higher education increased significantlybetween 1960-1980: 390%, to be precise (adjusted for inflation) This state funding reached an (inflation-adjusted) high record of $86.6 billion in 2009. It fell a bit due to the stock market downturn in 2008 but has since risen to $81 billion The federal Pell Grant program has grown (in 2015 dollars) from $10.3 billion in 2000 to $34.3 billion Budgets were cut after 2008 due to the Great Recession, but college costs were increasing way before that, and the stock market has since recovered. I think it’s safe to say that funding for post-secondary educations hasn’t been slashed overall, but that doesn’t mean that schools aren’t dealing with tight budgets. In fact, funding might be a big issue for schools if †¦ Explanation #2: More Students Are Attending College More students = less money to go around? Why would college costs go up if more students attend? Well, schools would have more to pay for. If they accept greater numbers of students, they have to pay for more food, more housing, more professors, more facilities. Even if the amount of public funding increases, schools might be scrambling to cover costs if the funding amount per student decreases. Is this really what’s happening? Well, enrollment in postsecondary programs has increased by almost 50%since 1995 - there are definitely more students pursuing an education after high school.Again, though, we've seen this trend of increasing college costs way before 1995. Ultimately, I think it’s a bit of a stretch to say that an increase in enrollment has forced schools to raise their prices: First, no school is required to accept a greater number of students than it’s comfortable with. If they thought that bigger cohorts weren’t financially feasible, why would they take on more students? Second, adding students to a graduating class doesn’t do much to increase a school’s fixed costs (unless they were adding a very large number of students). Even if a school does spend more money to accommodate larger numbers of students, they also have more students paying to attend the school - this would, presumably, help to cover extra expenses. Let’s entertain the idea that schools may be paying more to take on large numbers of students. One budget item that may account for college cost increases... Explanation #3: More Pay for Professors With an increasingly global market comes global competition for academic positions (and competition when it comes to attracting students). Top experts in particular fields move all around the world to take jobs at universities who are willing to pay for them. Schools also haveto compete with the private sector when it comes to salaries. Because the private sector tends to be pretty lucrative, schools must compensate coveted experts very well for the work they do. Paying top dollar for professors could account (at least in part) for this increase in college expenses. So are schools actually paying more for their professors? There are undoubtedly some rockstar professors that make a ton of money at top universities. Overall, though, it looks like the average prof isn’t exactly raking in the dough - salariesaren’t much higher now than they were in the 1970s. Butif schools have to pay to employ larger numbers of professors, perhaps this could contribute to rising costs, right? In reality, though, schools now tend to employ way more part-time, lower-paid instructors (like graduate students and adjunct professors) than well-paid tenured professors. It looks like this explanation can’t fully account for the decades-long spike in costs. Explanation #4:Colleges Acting More Like Businesses A business’s primary focus - or at least one of them - is to maximizethe amount of money it makes. Even if a college is designated as a nonprofit, it’s still going to be incredibly concerned with its budget and revenue. A big portion of its revenue comes from what students pay to attend. Generally, people are willing to pay more for experiences or services that are more comfortable or enjoyable. Some people argue that colleges have caught on to this, and compete for applicants and students by offering and marketing â€Å"better† experiences - better food, better housing, nicer facilities, more interesting clubs and activities. Others suggest that schools raise prices just to appear more prestigiousto applicants. Is this really the case? Well, over the past few decades, there have been large increases in average administrationandstudent servicesbudgets at both private and public schools. Admin positions at colleges and universities grew by 60%between 1993 and 2009, which was much faster than the rate of growth for tenured faculty positions. Finally, high-ranking admin officers tend to make pretty cushy salaries. Overall, it seems that these sales- and marketing-related expenses (in the form of growing admin and student services budgets) could account for some of the decades-long cost increase. The next logical question, though, would be why students and parents would be willing and able to deal with ever-expensive college costs. Perhaps there’s something else at play here†¦ Explanation #5: More Public Funding Available for Schools Could more money be leading to an increase in costs? If colleges acted like businesses, they would charge whatever amount students were willing to pay in order to get a degree. If students are willing (and able) to pay more for college, then colleges would raise their costs. Some people argue that by increasing public funding for student financial aid, the government is increasing students’ willingness to pay - more financial aid money means more flexibility and freedom when it comes to choosing a college. A greater willingness to pay leads to an increase in cost from colleges and universities. Is more financial aid leading to these ballooning college expenses? It’s hard to say, mostly because we can only see the relationships between these two factors (what's known ascorrelation) and not necessarily whether one is causing the other. But here’s what we do know: For every extra dollar made available to students in the form of government financial aid, there’s an increase in average college tuition of about 65 cents For-profit colleges (like Capella, DeVry, and the University of Phoenix)are more explicit about the fact that they are run as businesses, and as such, focus on increasing profits. Publicly traded for-profit schools do well on the stock market when the government increases financial aid funding,suggesting that investors believe more financial aid = more profit for schools. We can’t determine anything for certain, but it looks like there’s an important relationship between available financial aid and college costs. One education professorposited that â€Å"if students couldn’t get any money from the federal government, tuition [fees] would probably go down, but it’s hard to say how much.† Increased financial aid is meant to make college more affordable, but in a system where schools (even nonprofit schools) are motivated to increase revenue, this funding may contribute to a disastrous feedback loop. What Do You Really Pay for School? The stuff we’ve discussed so far sounds pretty scary, to be honest. Who wants to worry about ballooning college costs and education affordability, when you want to just focus on getting into the schools you’re interested in? This is where I get to reassure you that all the numbers I’ve talked about so far may not be as meaningful as you think. All of these published costs - tuition, fees, room, board - come together to make up a school’s sticker price. This sticker price is what a student would pay without any financial aid or scholarship money, or without taking any serious cost-cutting measures. The number you should care about is your estimated Net Price, not Cost of Attendance. Your Net Price is the amount you pay after grants and scholarships. Average Net Prices for students are generally much lower than the figures published earlier in the article. Your Net Price will really depend on your financial situation and where you end up going to college, but average Net Prices are a good place to start if you're budgeting for school. The average Net Prices for 2015-2016 are: $14,120 for in-state students at public schools $26,400 for students at private schools You can do even better than these average figures, though- it’s pretty easy to calculate your own Net Price at a particular school! All you need to do is access its Net Price Calculator. Check out our complete guide to college costs for more info on using a Net Price calculator. How Do You Keep Costs Down and Save Cash? You have a lot of information to process so far, but this last section might be one of the most important ones! Since college is so expensive, you’ll want to take as many steps as possible to cut costs, especially if you’re on a budget. Just because college costs are rising doesn’t mean you have to pay full sticker price for a college education. These next tips will help you get as much money as possible for school. An effective (if impractical) way to cut your spending. Apply for Financial Aid As you may have guessed, financial aid is a huge part of keeping your college costs down. In order to get your hands on financial aid funds, make sure to submit a FAFSA accurately and by the deadline. The FAFSA is important because it's the application for all federal financial aid programs, including the Pell Grant, Direct loans, and Perkins loans. Schools also often use the FAFSA to determine aid eligibility. Apply forOutside Scholarships There are so many scholarships available based on so many different criteria, including academic merit, financial need, volunteer work, ethnicity, interests, and more. Awardscan range from $50 to hundreds of thousands of dollars. If you're interested in applying for scholarships, start by checking out our posts on top awards for juniors and seniors. Applyto In-State Public Schools In-state tuition is often much, much cheaper at public schools than tuition for non-residents. If you're interested in applying to public schools and want to lower your costs right off the bat, apply to schools in your state. Check out our article on college costs for more information on how much money you could save with this strategy. ApplytoSchools With Strong Financial Aid Programs Someschools have strong merit- and need-based financial aid programs. They award money to students independently of any awards given by the federal or state governments, which are all based on financial need. Although private schools tend to have pretty high sticker prices, highly-ranked schools with bigger endowments tend toaward generous financial aid packages to their students. Conversely, schools that are working to draw in more competitive applicants tend to give generous merit-based awards. To start learning about schools with great financial aid programs, check out this list of schools with the best financial aid. Cut Down on Living Expenses As you’ve seen, room board costs make up a big chunk of the total costs associated with going to college. Cutting down on these expenses can mean you pay a lot less money in the long run. There are a lot of ways do this. Ultimately, you should focus onchoosing economical meal plans and/or housing options, if available. You could also see if living at home is an option if you plan on going to school close to your parents. Get a Student Job A student job is a great way to gain professional, research, or business experience while also bringing in extra cash to coverexpenses. What's Next? You've made it to the end! No doubt you're itching to learn more about saving money in college, especially now that you know how much it can cost. You should start by learning all you can about financial aid. Our guide to applying for financial aid is a great introduction. To get more nitty gritty details about financial aid programs, read about the Pell Grant, Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans. Next, learn about the types of schools that are most likely to give you a great deal. Read about schools that cover 100% financial need, and schools that have the best financial aid programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: